Unbending Notes

英文全球互联网资讯板 2006年1月29日(1)

sz1961sy 发表于 2006/1/30 23:03:00 阅读全文() | 回复(0) | 引用通告() | 编辑

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这里还有不少非英文(法文、德文、西班牙文等)资讯,因此涉及全球互联网相关资讯内容十分丰富。

翻译:王昱人 Francy 并整理 /  编辑:沈阳 sz1961sy 并校对

2006年1月30日 22时59分 北京
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Today's Topics (今日主题)

(资料收集:澳大利亚CISCO公司工程师、APNIC顾问:David Goldstein先生):

   1. domain name, WSIS & governance news (1月25日更正版本)
   2. general internet news  (1月30日:原文时间标示如此,下同--注)
   3. general internet news  (1月30日更正版本)
-----------------------------------
Message: 1 (第一部分)
Date: Sun, 29 Jan 2006 16:00:43 (收集截止时间:2006年1月29日星期日)

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DOMAIN NAMES 域名新闻
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域名注册服务机构每个广告邮件收费1美元
WebHostingTalk论坛中得到一个小道消息,一场邮件仗决定反对6个互联网域名注册服务机构(enom, GKG, Go Daddy, ItsYourDomain, MarkMonitor and Tucows)关于其正在向互联网定阅用户的收取5美元广告收费的TOS服务协议条款。

Domain Registrar Charges $1 per Spam

Acting on a tip from a WebHostingTalk forum, Email Battles decided to troll the Terms of Service agreements (TOS) of six Internet domain name
registrars, looking for an atrocious clause similar to the $5.00 Per Spam charge tucked in Qwest's High Speed Internet Subscriber Agreement.

网址:http://addict3d.org/index.php?page=viewarticle&type=news&ID=16952

Domain Registrar Charges $1 per Spam
Posted on 01/20/2006 @ 17:08:24 in Spam.

Acting on a tip from a WebHostingTalk forum, Email Battles decided to troll the Terms of Service agreements (TOS) of six Internet domain name registrars, looking for an atrocious clause similar to the $5.00 Per Spam charge tucked in Qwest's High Speed Internet Subscriber Agreement. Chosen for either their eminence or notoriety in the user and reseller community, the six checkees are ICANN-accredited registrars enom, GKG, Go Daddy, ItsYourDomain, MarkMonitor and Tucows.

We found that all six registrars include some variation of this statement in Tucows' Registration Agreement for resellers:

Right to Suspend and Disable. We shall have the right, at our sole discretion and without liability to you or any of your Contacts, suspend or cancel your domain name and to reveal Registrant and Contact Whois Information in certain circumstances, including but not limited to the following:
when required by law;
in the good faith belief that disclosure is necessary to further determination of an alleged breach of a law;
to comply with a legal process served upon Tucows;
to resolve any and all third party claims including but not limited to ICANN's or a Registry's dispute resolution policy;
to avoid financial loss or legal liability;
if we believe that you or one of your Contacts is using the Whois Privacy Service to conceal involvement with illegal, illicit, objectionable or harmful activities; or
to transmit spam, viruses, worms or other harmful computer programs.
In other words, "Fix it or we shut you down."

How could anyone disagree with that? enom, GKG, Go Daddy, ItsYourDomain and MarkMonitor concur. But then one registrar takes a giant leap forward, saying, in effect, "I'm not just shutting you down, I'm fining you to boot."

Only Go Daddy contained a Per Spam charge. An excerpt from Universal Terms of Service for Go Daddy Software and Services:
You agree Go Daddy may immediately terminate any account which it believes, in its sole discretion, is transmitting or is otherwise connected with any spam or other unsolicited bulk email. In addition, if actual damages cannot be reasonably calculated then You agree to pay Go Daddy liquidated damages of $1 for each piece of spam or unsolicited bulk email transmitted from or otherwise connected with Your account, otherwise You agree to pay Go Daddy 's actual damages. You acknowledge You have read and understand and agree to be bound by the terms and conditions of Go Daddy 抯 Anti-spam Policy, available here . Such terms and conditions are applicable to the use of all Go Daddy Software and Services and are incorporated herein.
Let's see... one dollar times oh... say... a million spams, equals... well... A real big number.

Sure. You're thinking you're the sharpest admin on earth. No spam's coming off your network. No hacker has a chance to find a vulnerability and set up a spam zombie, right? You're on top of every line of code for every machine on your IP block, from IIS to Apache... SSL to SpamAssassin... phpBB to AWStats. Right?

Face it friend, a clause like that has the potential to take down anybody who signed on to the agreement. Check the forums and you'll see plenty of admins who just don't get it. Even some who aren't suffering from a Superman complex think the vendor doesn't really mean it... it doesn't apply to me... it won't pass judicial review... they'll never use it against me...

Tell it to the judge. The vendor's clause doesn't need to pass judicial review to cow you or cost you thousands of dollars in legal fees.


Signing contracts with blue-sky liability clauses like that is just plain dumb... Especially when you have tons of alternatives at your fingertips. If you think you're rich enough to stand up for all these unfunded liabilities, talk to your attorney, accountant, banker and insurance expert. Hand 'em a copy of this article before you pop the question.

Let us know what they have to say... We already know, don't we?


Email Battles Backgrounder:
eNom Registration Agreement; eNom.
ICANN-Accredited Registrars; ICANN; 17 January 2006.
Qwest Gouges Innocent Users For Spam, Mediacom & AT&T Don't; Email Battles; 10 January 2006.
Qwest High-Speed Internet Subscriber Agreement (pdf); Qwest.
Registration Agreement; Tucows.
Service Agreement; GKG.
Terms and Conditions; MarkMonitor.

Terms of Service; ItsYourDomain.
Universal Terms of Service for Go Daddy Software and Services; Go Daddy.


Spread the word:   reddit!   bookmark it! 


     
Reader Comments (1) (Add your comments)
 
Posted on 01/24/2006 @ 23:25:21 CST by Stephen Brown
So that means that Go Daddy actually makes a profit from spam. And all of us were wondering how they could sell their services so cheap and stay in business.
 

 

搜索继续---采访Vinton Cerf
Vinton Cerf有时候被大家称为是互联网之父,尽管他本人不同意这个称呼。如今,他是在线搜索引擎google公司的首席互联网传教士。

The search continues - Vint Cerf interview
Vinton Cerf is sometimes referred to as the Father of the Internet, although he begs to differ. Today he Chief Internet Evangelist for a company making more
than its share of headlines  little online search outfit called Google. It been quite a ride.
网址:http://www.gcn.com/25_2/interview/38005-1.html

 

 
CERF: “The Internet would not have spread so quickly without good business models to drive and fund the expansion.”

GCN home > 01/23/06 issue

01/23/06; Vol. 25 No. 2

The search continues

By Brad Grimes
GCN Staff

Vinton Cerf is sometimes referred to as the Father of the Internet, although he begs to differ. Today he’s Chief Internet Evangelist for a company making more than its share of headlines—a little online search outfit called Google. It’s been quite a ride.

During the 1970s, while a professor at his alma mater, Stanford University, Cerf performed some of the earliest work on the TCP/IP protocols. During that time, he and Robert Kahn, who had worked together on ARPANET, the first packet-switched network, began thinking about how to connect various networks into a large one. They were reunited in 1976 at the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency to do just that.

Since then Cerf has, among other things, pioneered commercial e-mail service at MCI, joined the board of the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (which oversees Net addresses) and, along with Kahn, received the Presidential Medal of Freedom from President George W. Bush. Still, Cerf seemingly remains in awe of current technology. He told GCN, “I believe that 99 percent of the Internet’s applications have yet to be invented.”

GCN: When you were at DARPA, did you have any idea what the Internet would look like today Cerf: We had a very clear view of the functionality we wanted from the Internet, including the ability to support command and control, through computers, that was resilient even in the face of nuclear disruption. DARPA supported work at SRI International, for example, that presaged the Web, namely Doug Engelbart’s Augmentation of Human Intellect efforts, and Packet Speech at the [University of California Information Sciences Institute] and Lincoln Laboratory that experimented with VOIP and packet video. So we had a fair idea of what the technology could support, but I think we were not able to envision what would happen when a billion users started sharing their information through this network.

GCN: Do you keep tabs on what DARPA is up to these days? Are there any projects that particularly impress you?

Cerf: Yes and yes. The recent Grand Challenge [for self-guided vehicles] was a tour de force of technology and I’m pleased that Stanford led the pack and won the $2 million prize. DARPA is also supporting a project I am working on at the [NASA] Jet Propulsion Laboratory. We are applying Delay/Disruption Tolerant Networking to tactical communication problems. DTN came out of the Interplanetary Internet effort at JPL that DARPA also supported.

GCN: How might the JPL work help civilian and Defense agencies here on Earth?

Cerf: In addition to working on standardization of communications infrastructure for space communications, so as to allow previously fielded assets to be repurposed for new missions, I believe that the DTN system will prove useful for mobile communication in hostile environments.

GCN: What about Google attracted you to the company? What’s your role there?

Cerf: Google’s Web site has been “home page” for me for years. I turn to the Net mostly for information discoverable through Google, and e-mail, of course. The company is filled with smart, motivated people who are full of energy and ideas. ... I will spend time promoting the further spread of Internet to the 5.5 billion people who are not yet online. I will also spend time visiting the various remote Google engineering centers around the world in a sort of intellectual bumblebee exercise, cross-pollinating ideas, and I will be on the alert for new technologies that may be of interest to Google.

GCN: We hear that Google is building a staff in the Washington area. What can the company offer government?

Cerf: Google has a modest operation in the D.C. area. We are interested in various legislative initiatives that might affect Google’s business and we believe that a number of Google services that we offer through our enterprise program will be of interest to various government branches.

GCN: How will Google’s mission of organizing the world’s information affect the online data offered by government agencies?

Cerf: Our Google Enterprise offerings may be of use internally; we are working with the Library of Congress to make portions of its holdings accessible and more easily searchable. Much information of interest to the citizens served by the U.S. government is already searchable through existing Google offerings, but it is possible that Google can assist in making more information accessible through cooperative programs with the [government].

GCN: A couple government CIOs have told GCN they’re monitoring the relative merits of search versus metadata as they pertain to finding and sharing information. Why is search suddenly so compelling, and what are its strengths relative to other methods?

Cerf: Search has the remarkable property that it makes otherwise unstructured information discoverable. The addition of metadata can increase our ability to identify the most relevant information, relative to a given query and query context, so Google users will ultimately benefit from the availability of metadata. [Search and metadata] are not in conflict with each other.

GCN: Does Google have any initiatives to search structured information, such as the work Science.Gov is doing with federal agency databases?

Cerf: Yes, Google is interested in using indicators from XML, geographically indexed information and potentially other special databases’ metadata to improve the quality of search results. We are generally interested in scientific databases, such as the human genome databases and their analogs in other areas of bioresearch.

GCN: Government agencies are under a mandate to move to IPv6. Is IPv6 going to have a big impact?

Cerf: IPv6 is really going to make a difference in allowing very large numbers of devices to be placed on the Internet, to interact through the Internet and to be managed by way of the Internet. It allows for end-to-end interaction that is harder to do with IPv4 in the presence of Network Address Translation devices that sometimes interfere with end-to-end protocols.

I think we will begin to see some real demand for IPv6 as IPv6-enabled mobiles, set tops and other edge devices are brought into the network.

GCN: So where do you stand on Network Address Translation? Will we need it in an IPv6-based Internet? Should the average user’s computer really have its own IP address?

Cerf: I think end-to-end [interaction] is pretty important, although I fully agree that we need ways to protect groups of computers from the outside world; virtual private networks are prominent and useful.

I do not see NAT as particularly helpful from the security perspective. I’d like to see much better end-to-end authentication of systems—mutual suspicion giving rise to the need for mutual authentication. Moreover, having a public IP address means it is possible to treat any device as a server as well as a user in the Internet context.

I am not a big fan of NATs but accept that they have helped to overcome IPv4 [address] scarcity, some of which is induced by business models that assign only one IP address per customer, for example.

GCN: What is your assessment of how the modern Internet is managed, and do you think ICANN should continue in its current role when its agreement with the Commerce Department is next up for renewal?

Cerf: Actually, I think the current Internet is operating pretty well considering that hundreds of thousands of different operators are effectively cooperating to bring a coherent, global system to the public.

Most of the Internet is in private hands. Some parts of it are operated by governments, some by military and by the academic sector.

Plainly there are public interest issues to be dealt with—spam, fraud, various forms of abuse, intellectual property protection, viruses, denial-of-service attacks, consumer choice and competition among ISPs—and these lie largely outside of the mandate of ICANN.

ICANN is functioning reasonably well, though there is always room for improvement. I believe that the current memorandum of understanding between the Department of Commerce and ICANN indicates that if ICANN has all of the MOU requirements, that [Commerce] would relinquish to ICANN full authority to operate under its charter without specific oversight by [Commerce].

So rather than renewal, I would hope that ICANN would satisfy all the terms of the MOU and receive authority to operate independent of the U.S. government.

GCN: How do you respond to countries that were calling for a new Internet governance model in the run-up to the November 2005 World Summit on the Information Society in Tunisia?

Cerf: I think this call was motivated for many reasons, some of them likely in reaction to various international policies of the U.S. government. In the end, the WSIS did not call for a change to existing mechanisms but did recommend the creation of a discussion forum, the Internet Governance Forum, that would provide a venue for multistakeholder discussion about all aspects of Internet governance, including things like fraud, abuse, intellectual property protection, law enforcement—all of which lie outside the mandate of ICANN. It remains to be seen how this discussion forum will work in practice.

GCN: How could government agencies make better use of the Internet? Have you seen any Internet-based applications from a government agency that really impressed you?

Cerf: The Geological Survey has worked to index a great deal of its data, and that makes it quite useful for a variety of applications. ... I think information sharing might be facilitated among government agencies through the use of Internet technology. Whether this information is available to the public will depend on the data. Rapid deployment of Internet services can also be helpful in disaster recovery. Wiki techniques might be very useful for interagency cooperative work.

GCN: Speaking of Wiki, is your Wikipedia entry accurate? [Editor’s note: The online collaborative encyclopedia recently came under fire when a contributor admitted he fabricated information.]

Cerf: There are a number of minor factual inaccuracies, and it is both incomplete and out of date. Thanks for reminding me to look at it; I need to update and correct the minor mistakes. One thing in particular: I can’t really be the Father of the Internet because so many people have had key roles to play. Bob Kahn actually started the internetting project at DARPA in late 1972 or early 1973 and then invited me to work with him on it just after I joined the Stanford faculty. So at most I am “one of the fathers” of the Internet.

GCN: Do you keep up with Kahn socially?

Cerf: Yes, we see each other occasionally, most recently at the White House celebrations of the Presidential Medal of Freedom [in November 2005].

GCN: In general, what Internet developments have most impressed you over the years?

Cerf: Certainly Google itself has made a huge impression; VOIP similarly. The massive sharing of information among individuals who offer their expertise and knowledge has been stunning in its scope. Spam and the secondary domain name market have impressed me, though not always positively. In fact, the commercialization of much of the Internet has had unexpected side effects. However, I continue to believe that the Internet would not have spread so quickly without good business models to drive and fund the expansion.

 

More news on related topics: IPv6, Management, Policy / Regulation, Web


岌岌可危的域名

互联网商业化使用后的十多年,其他国家和组织正与之对抗--全球互连性将消失的恐惧的增加。德国计算机工程师在建立一种叫Endangered Domain系统

More than a decade after the Internet became available for commercial use, other countries and organizations are erecting rivals to it -- raising fears that global
interconnectivity will be diminished. German computer engineers are building an alternative to the Internet to make a political statement. A Dutch company has
built one to make money. China has created three suffixes in Chinese characters substituting for .com and the like, resulting in Web sites and email
addresses inaccessible to users outside of China. The 22-nation Arab League has begun a similar system using Arabic suffixes.
网址:http://www.unifiedroot.com/corporate/pressnews-wsj


Endangered Domain

In Threat to Internet's Clout, Some Are Starting Alternatives

Rise of Developing Nations, Anti-U.S. Views Play Role; Pioneer Sounds the Alarm

A 'Root' Grows in Germany

By CHRISTOPHER RHOADS Staff Reporter of THE WALL STREET JOURNAL January 19, 2006; Page A1

More than a decade after the Internet became available for commercial use, other countries and organizations are erecting rivals to it -- raising fears that global interconnectivity will be diminished.

German computer engineers are building an alternative to the Internet to make a political statement. A Dutch company has built one to make money. China has created three suffixes in Chinese characters substituting for .com and the like, resulting in Web sites and email addresses inaccessible to users outside of China. The 22-nation Arab League has begun a similar system using Arabic suffixes.

"The Internet is no longer the kind of thing where only six guys in the world can build it," says Paul Vixie, 42 years old, a key architect of the U.S.-supported Internet. "Now, you can write a couple of checks and get one of your own." To bring attention to the deepening fault lines, Mr. Vixie recently joined the German group's effort.

Alternatives to the Internet have been around since its beginning but none gained much traction. Developing nations such as China didn't have the infrastructure or know-how to build their own networks and users generally didn't see any benefit from leaving the network that everyone else was on.

Now that is changing. As people come online in developing nations that don't use Roman letters -- especially China with its 1.3 billion people -- alternatives can build critical mass. Unease with the U.S. government's influence over a global resource, and in some cases antipathy toward the Bush administration, also lie behind the trend.

"You've had some breakaway factions over the years, but they've had no relevance," says Rodney Joffe, the chairman of UltraDNS, a Brisbane, Calif., company that provides Internet equipment and services for companies. "But what's happened over the past year or so is the beginning of the balkanization of the Internet."

The Internet, developed by U.S. government agencies beginning in the 1960s, uses a so-called domain-name system, also called the "root," that consists of 264 suffixes. These include .com, .net, .org and country codes such as .jp for Japan. The root is coordinated by a private, nonprofit group in Marina del Rey, Calif., called the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers or Icann. This body works under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Commerce, which set up the organization in 1998.

A single root helps ensure that when people type in a Web address such as www.amazon.com, they all end up at the site of the Internet retailer no matter where in the world they are or which Internet service provider they use. All addresses must use one of the 264 domain names. Any changes must be approved by Icann and ultimately by the Commerce Department. Alternative roots form the basis for rivals to the Internet.

As the Internet's role grows around the world, some are uneasy with the notion that a U.S.-based body overseen by the U.S. government has sole power over what domain names are used and who controls each name. Other countries such as China also say Icann is too slow in forming domain names in non-Roman languages, hindering the development of an Internet culture in those countries.

Concern about U.S. oversight increased last summer when the Commerce Department persuaded Icann to postpone the approval of a new domain-name suffix to be used for pornographic Web sites, .xxx. The department said it had received letters of complaint from Christian groups. While other countries also opposed the name, critics cited the incident as evidence of Washington's influence.

The matter of control came to a head last November at a United Nations summit in Tunis, where the U.S. delegation fought off demands from more than 170 countries to give up unilateral oversight of Icann.

More than half of the Internet's users today are outside the U.S. Governments increasingly are interested in how the Internet works. Brazil, for instance, collects much of its tax revenue online. "The Internet has become a critical part of our lives," says Abdullah Al-Darrab, Saudi Arabia's deputy governor for technical affairs. "These policies should not be left to a single country or entity."

U.S. officials counter that the Internet is too valuable to tinker with or place under an international body like the U.N. "What's at risk is the bureaucratization of the Internet and innovation," says Michael Gallagher, the Department of Commerce official who administers the government's tie to Icann. Mr. Gallagher and other backers of Icann also say that the countries loudest in demanding more international input -- China, Libya, Syria, Cuba -- have nondemocratic governments. Allowing these nations to have influence over how the Internet works could hinder freedom of speech, they say.

Others argue that a fragmented Internet is a natural result of its global growth and shouldn't be terribly harmful. Governments already control what their citizens see on the Internet by blocking some sites, making surfing a less-than-universal experience, notes Paul Mockapetris, who invented the Internet's domain-name system in the early 1980s.

Icann's master database of domain names is preserved in 13 "mirrors" -- servers that automatically copy any changes made to the original database. The duplication makes the system robust in cases of attack or failure. Ten of the 13 mirrors are in the U.S.; the others are in Amsterdam, Stockholm and Tokyo.

Operating the 'F Root'

A nonprofit organization headed by Mr. Vixie operates one mirror called the "F root." Working without pay or contract from Icann, he runs his mirror from the basement of an old telegraph office in a brown stucco building with a red, Spanish-tiled roof in Palo Alto, Calif.

Located between a Walgreen's drugstore and an art gallery, the F root building looks unimpressive, but it plays a critical role in the flow of Internet traffic. Powerful servers inside a locked, metal cage translate Internet domain names into a series of numbers, called Internet protocol addresses, helping users find Web sites and send and receive email. Mr. Vixie's center handles about 4,000 queries a second from several continents.

Mr. Vixie, a high-school dropout, was a precocious programmer, helping while still in his mid-20s write the domain-name software now used on most servers. He now runs a company that services the software. He helped build the F root in 1994 when he was 30 and helped foil an attack by hackers in 2002 that hampered all the mirrors except his and one other. Later he came up with a way to bolster the system by replicating the function of the 13 mirrors at other servers.

Now Mr. Vixie is turning his attention to what he feels is an even greater threat to how the Internet works: fragmentation.

Last June, Mr. Vixie emailed Markus Grundmann, a 35-year-old security technician in Hannover, Germany. Mr. Vixie was seeking information about the Open Root Server Network, or ORSN, which Mr. Grundmann founded.

Mr. Grundmann at first thought the email was fake. He was surprised that a pillar of the U.S.-led system would want anything to do with him. He explained to Mr. Vixie that he set up ORSN in February 2002 because of his distrust of the Bush administration and its foreign policy. Mr. Grundmann fears that Washington could easily "turn off" the domain name of a country it wanted to attack, crippling the Internet communications of that country's military and government.

Mr. Vixie says he has no interest in making political statements but he agreed last September to work with Mr. Grundmann by operating one of ORSN's 13 mirrors. Mr. Vixie has also placed a link to the once-obscure German group on his personal Web site.

The moves roiled the Internet community of programmers and techies of which he is a prominent member. Vinton Cerf, one of the founders of the Internet, says he asked Mr. Vixie on the phone, "What were you thinking?" Says Mr. Cerf: "I don't think it's helpful to give visibility to a group that is fragmenting the Internet."

Mr. Vixie says he sees the European effort as a check of sorts on the Icann system. The U.S.-backed group will be more likely to act in the global interest if it knows that users have an alternative, he says.

Twelve other computer scientists -- mostly in Germany, Austria and Switzerland -- have agreed to help run the new root. Close to 50 Internet service providers in a half-dozen European countries now use ORSN.

For the moment, that is merely a symbolic step. The domain names in ORSN's directory are identical to those in Icann's. Users of ORSN get routed in the same direction as they would have if they were in the Icann system and can communicate with the same Web sites. ORSN doesn't create or sell its own domain names. If it did, Mr. Vixie says he would quit immediately. But if ORSN disagrees with a move taken by Icann, it could refuse to follow suit.

"The Internet is a child of the U.S. government," says Mr. Grundmann. "But now the child has grown up and can't stay at home forever."

Choosing a Suffix

A company called UnifiedRoot, based in Amsterdam, has taken things a step further than ORSN. In late November, the company began offering customers the right to register any suffix of their choosing, such as replacing .com with the name of their company. The price is $1,000 to register and an additional $250 each year thereafter.

The company has established its own root and signed up Amsterdam's Schiphol Airport, among other companies, according to Erik Seeboldt, UnifiedRoot's managing director. These companies can use their own brand name as a domain name to create addresses such as arrivals.schiphol, he says. Users of UnifiedRoot can also access all sites using Icann-approved domain names such as .com, but Icann users couldn't go to a .schiphol address, he says.

"We want to bring freedom and innovation back to the Internet," says Mr. Seeboldt. The Internet service provider Tiscali SpA, which has five million subscribers in Europe, and some of Turkey's largest service providers use UnifiedRoot's naming system.

Some countries with non-Roman alphabets are also taking matters into their own hands. China has created three domain names in Chinese characters -- .zhongguo, .gongsi and .wangluo -- and made them available for public and commercial use inside China only.

Similarly, Arab countries have in the past 18 months experimented with country code domain names in Arabic, distinct from the Icann system, says Khaled Fattal of Surrey, England. Mr. Fattal is head of Minc.org, a nonprofit organization dedicated to making the Internet multilingual.

"There is no such thing as a global Internet today," says Mr. Fattal. "You have only an English-language Internet that is deployed internationally. How is that empowering millions of Chinese or Arab citizens?"

Icann is responding to the criticism. At its last meeting in December it took steps to enhance the role of foreign governments in its decision making and accelerated the development of non-English domain names.

Paul Twomey, the chief executive officer of Icann, says the divisions reflect cultural differences between nations that operate under a strong government hand and those, including the U.S., that put more trust in the private sector. "We are more comfortable with messy outcomes that work," says Mr. Twomey, who is Australian. "But we need to integrate other values and languages into the Internet and make sure that it still works as one Internet."

That's not enough for some. "We would like the process to speed up," says Li Guanghao, the head of international affairs for the China Internet Network Information Center, in an email interview. The center allocatesInternet-protocol addresses in China in conjunction with the Icann system but is also developing the non-Icann Chinese character suffixes.

Mr. Vixie says he joined ORSN to make clear his view that such efforts will continue unless Icann becomes more inclusive. "I realize that this could help unleash the hordes of hell," he says. "But I hope it will make people wonder: 'What if there are more of these?' "

Write to Christopher Rhoads at christopher.rhoads@wsj.com3

 


世界知识产权组织(WIPO)判定:Skype公司败诉,Benjamin Decraene可以继续维护Skyp.com。
Skype affiliate can keep Skyp.com, says WIPO
An amateur photographer, painter and sculptor who uses the domain name Skyp.com to redirect visitors to Skype.com has won a battle to keep his name. He
pointed out that the internet telephony company had accepted him as an affiliate.
网址:http://www.out-law.com/page-6551

IETF成立20周年
IETF第一次会议在1986年1月16日-17日圣地亚哥举行,21人参加。今年3月,在达拉斯举行的65次会议将有1000多名参会者参会。这是IETF第20周年公开组织的会议。
The IETF held its first meeting January 16-17, 1986 in San Diego with 21 attendees. In March, the group will hold its 65th meeting in Dallas, and more than 1,000 attendees are expected. It will publicly recognise its 20th birthday at the meeting.

IETF hums along at 20
From a notorious striptease by internet pioneer Vint Cerf to a fist-pumping, table-jumping brawl about cryptography policy, the internet's premier
standards-setting body has had its share of big moments.

网址:http://computerworld.co.nz/news.nsf/UNID/AA0524ED6EED4966CC2570FE006EEF77


IETF hums along at 20
News
Regrets, its had a few but overall the IETF has delivered on its promise
By Carolyn Duffy Marsan, Framingham | 星期一, 23 一月, 2006
Related
Global telcos, IT vendors unite to increase IPv6 awareness
 
Breaking Stories: Skype supernodes sap bandwidth
Sponsor in the News: Management buyout signals growth plans for Onesource
Case Studies: NZICA connected via IP - with Cogent
White Papers: Is there more to convergence than hype?
White Papers: VoIP - embracing the new reality
 
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From a notorious striptease by internet pioneer Vint Cerf to a fist-pumping, table-jumping brawl about cryptography policy, the internet's premier standards-setting body has had its share of big moments.

Next week, the IETF celebrates another one when it turns 20.

The IETF is an egalitarian, all-volunteer group consisting of network engineers from Cisco, IBM, Microsoft, AT&T and other leading vendors. It has created many of the underlying standards that make the internet work, including fundamental routing, email, directory services and telephony protocols.

IETF leaders say the group's greatest accomplishment is that the protocols it developed let the internet function in spite of dramatic growth and the introduction of new services.

"Despite all kinds of centrifugal forces, the internet's technology has stayed reasonably unified and coherent during the tremendous growth of the last 20 years, the enormous changes in underlying transmission technology and the era of telecommunications liberalisation,'' says Brian Carpenter, chair of the IETF and a distinguished engineer with IBM.

"The [IETF's] real achievement has been keeping focus on the unifying ideas, such as the end-to-end principle,'' Carpenter adds. "The IETF didn't invent those unifying ideas, but it's used them in its protocol development work, blended with pragmatism.''

Despite the group's many engineering triumphs, the IETF is best known for its openness and individualistic approach to standards development. It also differs from other staid standards bodies because of its quirky traditions, which include registering approval by humming rather than raising hands.

"The biggest strength of the IETF is its openness,'' says Harald Alvestrand, a Cisco fellow who led the group from 2001 to 2005. "We are able to take input from the whole world, and we arrive at our decisions through a process that you are welcome to watch and participate in.''

Alvestrand says the IETF's openness coupled with the expertise of its participants result in higher-quality standards.

The IETF held its first meeting January 16-17, 1986 in San Diego with 21 attendees. In March, the group will hold its 65th meeting in Dallas, and more than 1,000 attendees are expected. It will publicly recognise its 20th birthday at the meeting.

The IETF meets three times per year, but most of the group's decision making is done via email posted on its website, www.ietf.org.

The group has created many important network industry standards, including Border Gateway Protocol and Open Shortest Path First for routing; Post Office Protocol and Internet Message Access Protocol for email; Session Initiation Protocol for internet telephony and Lightweight Directory Access Protocol for directory services.

Other well-known IETF technologies include MPLS for traffic engineering, the IPSec security protocol used in VPNs and the next-generation internet protocol known as IPv6.

"What we do is architect the internet, and the internet is still a pretty rollicking place,'' says Fred Baker, a Cisco fellow who served as chair of the IETF from 1996 to 2001. "We describe different functions that get done and principles by which they work, which is a different way to do architecture.''

The group has published more than 3,300 protocol documents known as requests for comments. These documents, which are used daily by corporate network managers, outline standards for configuring hosts, authenticating users, monitoring networks and many other necessary tasks.

"The IETF is interested in building something like a Swiss Army knife,'' Baker says. "We give you the tools and you can go build your network. If you don't have the right tools, then you can come back and identify the tools you need and we'll build them.''

The IETF has created duds, too. IETF protocols that were never widely deployed include IP Multicast, a bandwidth-conserving technique for broadcasting information and DNS Security, a technique for securing the DNS using public-key encryption.

In some areas, such as firewalls and instant messaging, the group failed to produce standards fast enough for the marketplace to adopt. However, its greatest misstep was its failure to grasp the importance of built-in security.

"We didn't get serious about security early enough,'' says Scott Bradner, a senior technical consultant with Harvard University who held leadership positions with the IETF from 1993 to 2003. "The internet carefully delivers that virus to your door because its job is to deliver packets and not to inquire whether the application is good for you. The net by itself is doing what it should do but we don't have intrinsic integrity and authentication. We didn't do that way back when, and it should have been done.''

Unlike other standards-setting bodies such as the IEEE, World Wide Web Consortium and the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), the IETF has individual rather than corporate or government participants. Anyone can propose a protocol to the IETF but the protocol must achieve rough consensus from the group and have working prototypes before it can be approved as a standard.

"In the ITU, governments approve the standards and formal submissions come from companies,'' explains Bradner, who serves as liaison between the IETF and ITU. "In the IETF it's individuals, not companies, who submit ideas. And it's the consensus of the community as interpreted by the IETF leadership that prevails. That's very different from having Germany decide it doesn't like a standard.''

Bradner says the result of the IETF's non-governmental approach is that the group doesn't focus on protecting existing industries or companies. The ITU and other standards bodies "tend to create standards that will not necessarily disrupt incumbent companies like carriers, but the IETF doesn't have that formal sensitivity,'' Bradner adds.

Another key difference is that the IETF makes decisions based on rough consensus rather than unanimity. The IETF leadership will approve a protocol document even if 10% of the group's participants disagree, while other standards bodies make changes or additions to a document so all participants support it.

The rough consensus approach makes the IETF's process more contentious, while the group's openness makes its process take longer. One of the main criticisms of the IETF is that it takes too long to publish proposed standards. For example, the IETF has been working on aspects of IPv6 since 1994.

The IETF faces many challenges, including declining attendance at its meetings and increased competition from other standards bodies.

In 2000, at the peak of the internet bubble, IETF meetings attracted more than 2,800 attendees. At its meeting in November, the group had 1,200 attendees.

The IETF can't afford to lose money on its meetings because it doesn't charge membership fees. However, many longtime attendees say the current meeting size is better for getting work done.

"When we had 3,000-person meetings, a lot of the people were not there to work on things,'' says Baker, who attended his first IETF meeting in 1989. "The meetings that we have are smaller. The mailing lists are more contained, and the work is actually proceeding better.''

The IETF recently reorganised its administrative functions to gain greater control over its finances and meeting-related expenses. Alvestrand, who encouraged the group to reorganise during his stint as chair, says it's too early to tell if the new administrative structure will work better than the less-formal systems of the past.

"By the end of 2006, we'll be able to tell,'' Alvestrand says. "When we've had service contracts in place for a year and have had monies for the meetings flowing through hands that are accountable to the IETF, we'll know.''

Meanwhile, rival standards bodies such as the ITU are looking to encroach on areas of standards development that traditionally were handled by the IETF, while new standards bodies such as the Liberty Alliance Project and the MPLS Forum are cropping up to address standardisation for emerging internet services.

The IETF's biggest challenge is "continued relevance,'' Bradner says. "Finding new things to do or old things to work on which are relevant to the needs of the networking world going forward is key.''

Nonetheless, IETF leaders are optimistic about the group's future, especially the technical challenges that lie ahead.

"I expect to see a lot more work on quality of service and of course on security,'' Carpenter says. "And we need some breakthrough thinking in the area of resource discovery. Using the DNS to find things is a really bad compromise, especially as we move toward fully internationalised naming of resources."
 

 

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El registro del dominio '.cat' estar?abierto al plico a partir del primo 23 de abril
El dominio '.cat' abrir?el primo 13 de febrero el periodo de registros para instituciones de promoci de la lengua y cultura catalana, entidades con
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El 13 de febrero comienza el perdo de registro controlado para los dominios ".cat"
La apertura de los dominios ".cat", aprobados por la ICANN el pasado mes de septiembre, comenzar?entre el 13 de febrero y el 21 de abril con un perdo de
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